| 1. A frameshift mutation in a gene encoding a protein usually do which of the following?
a. result in a single amino acid change upstream from the mutation
b. result in a modified but functional protein
c. improve the function of the encoded protein
d. affect the mRNA but not the peptide
e. result in the production of a nonfunctional peptide
2. Which of the following is not true of translation?
a. A single mRNA may have several ribosomes attached
b. The "language" of nucleotides is changed to the "language" of amino acids
c. Each amino acid is coded for by a single codon
d. Three different nonsense codons code for termination of protein synthesis
e. A molecule of tRNA can bind to both an mRNA molecule and an amino acid
3. Transformation is the transfer of DNA from a donor to a recipient cell by which of the following?
a. a bacteriophage
b. naked DNA in solution
c. cell to cell contact
d. crossing over
e. sexual reproduction
4. What enzymes are required for DNA replication
a. DNA polymerase, DNA Ligase
b. DNA polymerase, DNA Ligase, Helicases
c. DNA polymerase, DNA Ligase, Helicases and RNA Polymerase
d. DNA Polymerase only
e. DNA Ligase only
5. Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
a. DNA polymerase--makes a molecule of DNA from a DNA template
b. RNA polymerase--makes a molecule of RNA from an RNA template
c. DNA ligase--joins segments of DNA
d. RNA polymerase--makes a molecule of RNA from a DNA template
e. All are paired correctly
6. Genetic change in bacteria can be brought about all EXCEPT which of the following?
a. mutation
b. conjugation
c. transduction
d. transformation
e. transcription
7. The chemical 5-bromouracil is a mutagen because it does which of the following?
a. causes thymine-thymine dimers to form
b. inserts between "stacked base pairs," affecting the accuracy of DNA replication
c. is similar in structure and base-pairing ability to thymine
d. is similar in structure but not base-pairing ability to thymine
e. is similar in structure and base-pairing ability to uracil
8. For the peptide with the amino-acid sequence, proline-alanine-glycine (pro-ala-gly), the DNA sense strand could have the sequence:
a. GGC CGA CCG
b. CCA GCG GGC
c. GGU CGA CCA
d. CCG GCC CCC
e. CGC GCC GGA
9. Which of the following is NOT part of the central dogma involving information transfer in cells?
a. Replication
b. Transformation
c. Translation
d. Transcription
e. All are part of the central dogma
10. An enzyme produced in response to the presence of a substrate like lactose is called which of the following?
a. An inducible enzyme
b. A repressible enzyme
c. A restriction enzyme
d. An operator
e. A promoter
11. In the polymerase chain reaction the necessary ingredients for DNA synthesis can be mixed together in a test tube. The DNA polymerase is from Thermus aquaticus and the template is from a human cell. The DNA synthesized would be most similar to which of the following?
a. Human DNA
b. T. aquaticus DNA
c. A mixture of human and T. aquaticus DNA
d. Human RNA
e. T. aquaticus RNA
12. A mutation will result is which of the following?
a. a change in tRNA sequence
b. a change in rRNA sequence
c. a change in DNA sequence
d. a change amino acid sequence
e. both c and d
13. A major difference between DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase is that DNA polymerase requires which of the following?
a. an RNA template
b. uracil as one of its bases
c. double stranded DNA
d. a 3' -OH nucleotide primer
e. nucleotide monophosphates
14. Which of the following would NOT be involved in translation?
a. ribosome
b. anti-codon
c. messenger RNA
d. the start codon AUG
e. inducer
15. The damage caused by UV radiation is which of the following?
a. always results in a mutation
b. repaired during translation
c. repaired during transduction
d. results is the formation of thymine dimers
e. repaired by RNA polymerase
16. Which of the following is not an advantage of obtaining the protein product human growth hormone by recombinant DNA technology rather than extraction from cadavers?
a. Greater initial specific activity (activity per mg of protein)
b. Cost-effectiveness
c. Eliminates the variability of cadavers
d. Eliminates the need to extract the protein from tissues that might harbor pathogens
e. Final product has greater purity
17. A plasmid that has been cleaved with EcoRI can recombine with another plasmid that has been digested with which of the following?
a. BamHI
b. EcoRI
c. HindIII
d. cloned
e. proteases
18. Which of the following would most likely result in the LEAST amount of change in a gene?
a. an insertion of one base
b. a deletion of two bases
c. a missense mutation
d. a nonsense mutation
e. any frameshift mutation
19. Viruses that have reverse transcriptase are which of the following?
a. Adeno viruses
b. Herpesviruses
c. Retro viruses
d. Bacteriophags
e. Influenza viruses
20. A plasmid that has been cleaved with EcoRI can recombine with another plasmid that has been digested with which of the following?
a. BamHI
b. EcoRI
c. HindIII
d. cloned
e. proteases
21. Assume you have isolated an organism that produces a useful antibiotic but at a low rate. One way to increase production of the antibiotic is to:
a. clone the gene for antibiotic production
b. isolate the gene for antibiotic production
c. grow the fungus in pure culture
d. limit the nutrietns essential for growth of the fungus
e. amplify the number genes that produce the antibiotic in the fungus
22. Which of the following is NOT part of the central dogma involving information transfer in cells?
a. Replication
b. Transformation
c. Translation
d. Transcription
e. All are part of the central dogma
23. During the bacteriophage lysogenic cycle which of the following occurs?
a. Phage DNA is inserted into the host chromosome
b. No attachment occurs
c. The burst time is shortened
d. The host cell lyses, releasing new virions
e. New phage DNA is synthesized
24. After the attachment and entry of a virus into a host cell, what is the next step in the multiplication of animal viruses?
a. transcription of "early" genes
b. transcription of "late" genes
c. synthesis of capsid proteins
d. uncoating
e. release
25. The nucleic acid of a virus is surrounded by a protein coat called which of the following?
a. Endospore
b. Capsid
c. Envelope
d. Halo
e. Capsule
26. The only disease to be eradicated from human beings is which of the following?
a. measles
b. chicken pox
c. mumps
d. small pox
e. rabies
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